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Taxonomy: Major Groups, Evolutionary Transitions, Monocot vs Dicot

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Figures (5)

Illustrations of differences between monocots and dicots
Dicotyledon plantlet
Young castor oil plant showing its prominent two embryonic leaves (cotyledons), which differ from the adult leaves
Detail of the vasculature of a bramble leaf
Translocation in vascular plants

Key Points

  • Many monocot leaves have veins that run parallel to each other and this means that if you cross section the leaf you are likely to see cross sections of all the vascular bundles.
  • Periderm As the new cells produced from the vascular cambium expand, the strength of the sec­ ondary xylem is enough to prevent the older xylem to the inside from being crushed.
  • The cells that the cork cambium produces, as well as the secondary phloem cells, are continually being compressed by expansion from within; these tissues are also being split apart as the trunk's girth increases.
  • Xylem elements, except for the parenchyma, are rich in lignin and are main components of wood.
  • The four types of phloem cells are: sieve tube cells , companion cells, fibers (the only dead cells in phloem), and parenchyma.
  • The scutellum is an enlarged cotyledon, coleoptile is the bud cover, and coleorhiza covers the embryonic root, radicle (Figure ).

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