Mixture Separation and Identification Strategies

The first edition of this book was previously published by Pearson Education, Inc. It was The second edition, version 10 is copyright ©2020 by Howard DeVoe. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 40 International License: https://creativecommons org/licenses/by/4 0/ The book was typeset using the LATEX typesetting system and the memoir class. Most of the figures were produced with PSTricks, a related software program. The fonts are Adobe Times, MathTime, and Computer Modern Typewriter. A Solutions Manual is available at the Web site linked below. I thank the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland for hosting the Web site for this book:

Figures (2)

Figure 4.2 The reaction between methane and oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water (shown at bottom) may be represented by a chemical equation using formulas (top).

Figure 4.3 Regardless of the absolute numbers of molecules involved, the ratios between numbers of molecules of each species that react (the reactants) and molecules of each species that form (the products) are the same and are given by the chemical reaction equation.

Key Points

Solubility of one liquid in another Suppose substances A and B are both liquids when pure.
Density Density, an intensive property, is defined as the ratio of the two extensive properties mass and volume: def D m (2.3.4) The molar volume Vm of a homogeneous pure substance is inversely proportional to its density.
An evaporation procedure with a refrigerant fluid is what produces the cooling in an ordinary kitchen refrigerator.
Furthermore, the magnitude of the slope increases on going from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas, because the molar entropies of sublimation and vaporization are positive.

Terms

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Sources & licensing(4)

Howard DeVoe, Thermodynamics and Chemistry, 2nd edition — www2.chem.umd.edu/thermobook/ (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0)
NOAA National Weather Service, JetStream — An Online School for Weather — www.noaa.gov/jetstream (U.S. Government work (public domain, 17 U.S.C. 105))
OpenStax — openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/11-introduction (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0)
OpenStax — openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/4-1-writing-and-balancing-chemical-equations (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0)