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Applied Botany: Foodstuffs, Horticulture, Aquaculture, Medicine

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Figures (2)

Figure 12.1 Experimenting with thousands of garden peas, Mendel uncovered the fundamentals of genetics. (credit: modification of work by Jerry Kirkhart)
Figure 9.1 Have you ever become separated from a friend while in a crowd? If so, you know the challenge of searching for someone when surrounded by thousands of other people. If you and your friend have cell phones, your chances of finding each other are good. Cell phone networks use various methods of encoding to ensure that the signals reach their intended recipients without interference. Similarly, cells must communicate using specific signals and receptors to ensure that messages are clear. (credit: modification of work by Vincent and Bella Productions)

Key Points

  • In most cases, the lower epidermis contains more stomata than the upper epidermis because the bottom of the leaf is cooler and transpiration there is safer.
  • Xylem elements, except for the parenchyma, are rich in lignin and are main components of wood.
  • The four types of phloem cells are: sieve tube cells , companion cells, fibers (the only dead cells in phloem), and parenchyma.
  • The cells that the cork cambium produces, as well as the secondary phloem cells, are continually being compressed by expansion from within; these tissues are also being split apart as the trunk's girth increases.
  • Plant cells, in turn, have three genomes, and chloroplast genome is usually also inherited maternally.
  • The primary cell wall is typically flexible, frequently thin and is made of cellulose, different carbohydrates and proteins.

Terms

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