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Plant Cell Structure and Differences from Animal Cells

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Key Points

  • The cell wall is flexible during growth and has small pores called plasmodesmata that allow the exchange of nutrients and hormones between cells.
  • Plant cells, in turn, have three genomes, and chloroplast genome is usually also inherited maternally.
  • The companion cells, connected to the sieve tubes via plasmodesmata, are responsible for loading the phloem with sugars.
  • The cellulose microfibrils are linked via hemicellulosic tethers to form the cellulose-hemicellulose network, which is embedded in the pectin matrix.
  • The middle lamella is the area between two adjacent cell walls. ‘relaxes' and allows the internal pressure of the cell to bring about growth (Chapter 25).
  • In most cases, the lower epidermis contains more stomata than the upper epidermis because the bottom of the leaf is cooler and transpiration there is safer.

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